The Trial and Retrial
of Joan of Arc

Foreword p. vii

Foreword

Chapter 1 p. 1

Introduction

• 1)
  Inquisitorial trial procedure
• 2)
  The plan of the book

Chapter 2 p. 11

Questions of Judges and Jurisdictions for the Captured Joan

• 1)
  Getting a judge against Joan: heresy inquisitor or bishop?
• 2)
  A bishop is preferred; a bishop appears
• 3)
  Further jurisdictional questions
• 4)
  The situation in 1430–1431: archbishop, pope, and general council

Chapter 3 p. 25

Judgmental and Judicial Precedents

• 1)
  Gerson and Paris theologians condemn invokers of demons, 1398
• 2)
  Bishop Pierre d'Ailly's heresy case against Marie Ducanech, 1399–1403
• 3)
  Proceedings against tyrannicide in Paris, 1413–14
• 4)
  Tyrannicide, heresy, and Cauchon at the Council of Constance, 1415–18

  • A) Burgundy appeal to pope: tried by three cardinals
  • B) Council Commission trial of Petit's Nine Excerpts
  • C) Council condemnation of Quilibet tyrannus, July 6, 1415
  • D) Council Commission trial continued
• 5)
  Inquisitor Graverent in Rouen and the trials of Jean Ségueut

  • A) The first trial, ca. 1428, judged by Graverent alone
  • B) The second trial, 1430, before Official Basset and Graverent
• 6)
  Inquisitor Graverent in Coutances, 1431: the Lecouvreur case

Chapter 4 p. 59

Interrogation Instead of Trial

• 1)
  Judicial investigation, January–February 1431

  • A) The court records
  • B) Joan's "fame" calls for investigation
  • C) Six theologians arrive from the University of Paris
  • D) Joan to be summoned, articled charges promised
• 2)
  Joan in court, Mass denied, counsel rejected, chains kept on, blanket oaths
• 3)
  Self-testimony concerning undisclosed suspected crimes

  • A) First day of public interrogation, February 21
  • B) Second day of interrogation, February 22
  • C) Third day of interrogation, February 24
  • D) Fourth day of interrogation, February 27
  • E) Fifth day of interrogation, March 1
  • F) Sixth and last public interrogation, March 3
• 4)
  Cauchon and the clergy in Rouen
• 5)
  Nine prison sessions; Lemaistre joins as co-judge
• 6)
  Intervention of Jean Lohier, papal judge
• 7)
  Marshalling responses, discussing charges, March 18–24

Chapter 5 p. 89

Trial Begun: Charges, Promises of Proof, Denials

• 1)
  Assessors polled on procedure; judges require immediate response
• 2)
  Promotor Estivet's presentation of his libellus
• 3)
  Article 1: Statement of court competency
• 4)
  Articles 2–3: Omnibus charges of divination, sortilege, demonic pacts, fostering idolatry, lack of faith, denial of doctrine, and heretical propositions
• 5)
  Further articles (4–30) presented on March 27, with Joan's responses
• 6)
  The rest of the seventy articles, March 28
• 7)
  Delayed responses on the Church, March 31
• 8)
  Upshot: What now?

Chapter 6 p. 117

Back to the Interrogation Responses

• 1)
  Joan's initial "confessions"

  • A) The Twelve Articles
  • B) Consult letter and model report, April 5–12
  • C) Expectations of the consultants
• 2)
  The local consultations

  • A) Theological condemnatory agreements
  • B) Other theological views
  • C) Juristic condemnatory agreements
  • D) Hesitations of Official Basset
  • E) Other Juristic Qualifications

Chapter 7 p. 129

Three Confrontations: Pastoral, Pastoral, Coercive

• 1)
  Solicitous appeal, Joan ill, April 18
• 2)
  Public session, May 2: trial effectively dismissed, Joan exhorted
• 3)
  Further evaluations arrive
• 4)
  Torture chamber, May 9; vote on torture, May 12

Chapter 8 p. 145

University Advice Followed

• 1)
  Consulting the University of Paris, May 19

  • A) Conclusions of the Paris theologians
  • B) Conclusions of the Paris canonists
  • C) Judgment of the University
• 2)
  Assessors polled
• 3)
  Joan privately admonished, May 23
• 4)
  Promotor re-appears, case closed

Chapter 9 p. 159

The Court at the Scaffold, May 24

• 1)
  Appeal to pope rejected
• 2)
  First sentence, to secular justice
• 3)
  Capitulation, abjuration
• 4)
  Alternative sentence, life in prison
• 5)
  Inquisitor's visit

Chapter 10 p. 169

Sentenced as Relapsed, without Trial

• 1)
  Interrogation on clothes and visions
• 2)
  Assessors' call for review ignored
• 3)
  To the scaffold
• 4)
  On the scaffold
• 5)
  Relapsed and heretical, no heresy named

Chapter 11 p. 181

Interim Assessments

• 1)
  Letters

  • A) Henry VI, June 8, 1431
  • B) Henry VI, June 12, 1431
  • C) Henry VI, June 28, 1431
  • D) University of Paris, ca. July 1431
• 2)
  Latin Record: public or not?
• 3)
  Propaganda at Paris

  • A) A Bourgeois report, June 1431
  • B) Graverent's sermon, July 1431
• 4)
  Basel, Arras, and Pio Eneo
• 5)
  Joan judged a demonic sorceress
• 6)
  First investigations into Joan's trial

  • A) Professor Bouillé's Codicil, 1449
  • B) Bouillé's seven depositions, 1450
  • C) Estouteville-Bréhal Hearings, 1452

Chapter 12 p. 203

Expert Opinions Produced on Joan's Conviction, 1452–54

• 1)
  Inquisitor Bréhal's Summary to Friar Leonard
• 2)
  Lelli and Pontano to Friar Leonard
• 3)
  Treatise of Chancellor Ciboule
• 4)
  Critique of Canonist Jean de Montigny
• 5)
  Basin, Bochard, Bourdeilles
• 6)
  Montigny on reversing Joan's trial

Chapter 13 p. 223

Arc Family Sues at Papal Court, 1455

• 1)
  Delayed action
• 2)
  Promotor Estivet as prime villain
• 3)
  Before the papal commissioners in Paris (before Rouen)
• 4)
  Obscuring English villainy, exculpating assessors and consultants
• 5)
  Summoning concerned and unconcerned parties

Chapter 14 p. 237

Trial of Nullity Opens in Rouen, December 1455

• 1)
  Joan's wrongs vigorously but vaguely rehearsed, December 15, 1455
• 2)
  More pretrial procedures
• 3)
  The plaintiffs' libellus presented

  • A) Defects of the trial
  • B) Refutation of the charges against Joan
• 4)
  Cauchon's grandnephew renounces and denounces Joan's trial
• 5)
  Search for Cauchon's original investigations

Chapter 15 p. 251

The Arc Family's Case against Joan's Trial in 101 Articles

• 1)
  Preliminary Remarks
• 2)
  Narrative of the defendants' criminal actions
• 3)
  Formal objections against the trial
• 4)
  The false accusations

Chapter 16 p. 263

Proving the Charges

• 1)
  Charges accepted and inquests ordered, February 1456
• 2)
  Completed inquests received, May 13, 1456
• 3)
  Testimony of Thomas de Courcelles, ca. April, 1456
• 4)
  Old assessor Jean Lefèvre, then witness, now judge, June 1, 1456
• 5)
  Vacuous contempt proceedings and final productions, ending July 2, 1456
• 6)
  Promotor Chapitault's concluding statement
• 7)
  Final presentation of the plaintiffs
• 8)
  Submission of treatises, including a new one by Martin Berruyer, Bishop of Le Mans

Chapter 17 p. 279

The Trial Ends

• 1)
  The judges begin deliberations in Paris, June, 1456
• 2)
  Bréhal's concluding treatise

  • A) Pulling some punches
  • B) On being "caught in heresy" and the role of publica fama
  • C) On the interrogators and exhorters of Joan
  • D) On the role of the University of Paris
  • E) Weak ending on the sentences against Joan
• 3)
  The verdict, July 7, 1456

Chapter 18 p. 297

Historical Sequences

• 1)
  A subdued aftermath

  • A) Court of France
  • B) Papal Court
• 2)
  Thomas Basin's summation of Joan in his history of Charles VII
• 3)
  Jacques Meyer's summary of Basin, 1561
• 4)
  Verdicts of Church history: Annales ecclesiastici
• 5)
  Historians Get a Grip on the Facts
• 6)
  Trial on the Way to Canonization

Chapter 19 p. 308

Conclusion

Bibliography p. 317

Bibliography

Index p. 325

Index